Amblyopia Essay examples - 1794 Words

Amblyopia This paper provides a brief description of amblyopia and discusses current research regarding the motion pathway in individuals with amblyopia. Amblyopia is a condition in which visual acuity in one eye is greatly reduced. It is caused by lack of stimulation or disuse during visual development (Rose, 1998). Because the eye is not fully developed at birth (Jarvis, 1992, as cited in Rose, 1998), infants need stimulation to complete the visual neural pathway. When one or both eyes are inhibited, for example due to misalignment of one eye (strabismus) or a large difference in refractive power between two eyes (anisometropia), the neural pathway for the inhibited eye develops abnormally, or does not develop at all. At†¦show more content†¦This information is important because it could provide meaningful insight into the nature of the underlying problems involved (Hess Anderson, 1993). There is a general consensus that amblyopes have reduced contrast sensitivity, grating acuity, and spatial resolution in one eye and a loss of binocular vision (Levi, 1991; Sireteanu et al., 1977, as cited in Fahle Bachmann, 1996). Amblyopes also suffer from crowding (Levi Klein, 1985, as cited in Fahle Bachmann, 1996) which causes difficulty, for example, in comprehending a letter found in text rather than an isolated letter. The mechanisms delegating positional information are also disabled in amblyopes (Rentschler Hilz, 1985, as cited in Fahle Bachmann, 1996). Even though amblyopia results in a profusion of visual obstacles, there is one area for which amblyopia may actually provide beneficial. Arguments have been made that while fine spatial detail has been affected in amblyopes, the motion pathway has not been affected (Chung Levi, 1997; Kubova, Kuba, Juran, Blakemore, 1996), and may even be more acute (Fahle Bachmann, 1996). It has been proposed that in amblyopes the parvocellular pathway is impaired resulting in loss of fine spatial detail (Kubova, et al., 1996). On the other hand, parasol cells that lie in the magnocellular layersShow MoreRelatedThe, The Silent Thief, By. Levi, Knill And Bavelier1590 Words   |  7 PagesDraft essay Amblyopia is described by; Levi, Knill and Bavelier (2015) as a neurodevelopmental disorder of the visual cortex. A disorder characterised by Rose (1998) as the â€Å"silent thief†, a term that purportedly portrays the consequences of amblyopia going undetected. Amblyopia has been reported as the most common cause of monocular blindness worldwide Wong (2012), and in a recent review conducted by (Tailor, Bossi, Greenwood and Dahlmann-Noor, 2016) was cited the most common visual deficit amongRead More Strabismus Essays1347 Words   |  6 Pagesdifferent directions. One eye may look straight ahead, whil e the other eye turns inward, outward, upward, or downward. You may always notice the misalignment, or it may come and go. A second disorder, amblyopia, commonly goes along with strabismus. Again, from the American Academy of Ophthalmology, Amblyopia is p oor vision in an eye that did not develop normal sight during early childhood. It is sometimes called lazy eye. (7) The reason these two conditions are so closely linked relates to how the brainRead MoreAnalysis Of Hubel And Wiesel s Silent Thief 1624 Words   |  7 Pagesclinical interest stems from efforts to find better treatments for amblyopia (‘lazy eye’), a common developmental disorder of vision affecting 2–4% of the population.Amblyopia is described by; Levi, Knill and Bavelier (2015) as a neurodevelopmental disorder of the visual cortex. A disorder characterised by Rose (1998) as the â€Å"silent thief†, a term that purportedly portrays the consequences of amblyopia going undetected. Amblyopia has been reported as the most common cause of monocular blindness worldwideRead MoreEssay On Vivisection727 Words   |  3 Pagesthat without the use of animals in the laboratory, humans would not have modern medicine like antibiotics, analgesic, and cancer drugs (1). For example, Hanlon believes by sewing kittens’ eyelids together can aid researchers to study the effects of amblyopia in children (1). Conversely, the use of animals as laboratory test subjects can give rise to inaccurate results because of the biological and genetic differences between human and nonhuman species. This essay argues against Hanlon’s stance on vivisectionRead MoreMyopia ( Nearsightedness ) Is A Common Vision Condition1234 Words   |  5 Pagesproperly, leading to amblyopia(weaken vision) in the eye. Strabismus can be caused by problems with eye muscles, the nerves that transmit information to the muscles, or the control center in the brain that directs eye movement. It can also develop due to other general health condition or eye injuries. Amblyopia also known as lazy eye is reduced vision in one eye caused by abnormal visual development early in life. The weaker- or lazy - eye often wanders inward or outward. Amblyopia generally developsRead MoreSeeing With The Eyes Or The Brain1873 Words   |  8 Pagescontrol the amount of light that enters your eye. Amblyopia In amblyopia, the muscles around the eyes are too weak to hold the eye in place correctly. This means that the eyes become misaligned and leads to a loss in visual acuity. Amblyopia usually starts to develop at an early age such as during childhood and, on many occasions, only affects one eye. However, if left untreated, it can cause severe visual disability in the eye. One way of treating amblyopia is through the use of the patching method. WithRead MoreEssay About Children1498 Words   |  6 Pagescouldn’t see him at all when the doctor himself stood in front of me. The doctor walked me back to the room my parents were still perched on the chairs in and closed the doors. â€Å"Folks, your daughter has amblyopia.† * * * I took a deep breath and leaned over the desk to settle myself. â€Å"Amblyopia is a condition where the nerves in my brain can’t receive the images my eye is trying to send to it.† I had given this explanation to people a million times, and it always takes me back to that day I wasRead MoreVideo Games And Its Effects On The World1988 Words   |  8 Pagesdone by Charlie Ngo, a professor at the University of California, have actually shown that playing both action and non-action video games can help prevent amblyopia, or â€Å"lazy eye† (Charlie pg. 1). The visual pressure and engagement that action video games provide to the player help improves his, or her, vision and, therefore, patients with amblyopia (the medical term used when the vision in one of the eyes is reduced because the eye and the brain are not working together properly) can improve theirRead MoreThe Effects Of Video Games On Our Children1627 Words   |  7 Pagesimproves our basic visual processes. In brief, it improves visual contrast sensitivity and provides successful treatment of amblyopia. For instance, â€Å"Fifty hours of action video game play (spread over ten to twelve weeks) improved visual contrast sensitivity (the ability to distinguish subtle differences in shades of gray) compared to controls† (Burnsed 23). Furthermore, Amblyopia (also called â€Å"lazy eye†) is a disorder arising from early childhood in which one eye becomes essentially non-functional.Read MoreViolent Video Games Have Negative Effects904 Words   |  4 Pagestherapeutic [stress reliever], and it improves motor skills and eye coordination. â€Å"A study conducted by researchers at McMaster University indicates that playing first person shooter games can help improve the eyesight of people with conditions like amblyopia or cataracts.† (Carter). Others say â€Å"Video game violence gives me a non-violent source of aggression release...† (Keeney). In spite of this compelling argument, research conducted has shown that a child is highly influenced by the things he or

Child Abuse Sibling Incest - 1898 Words

Running Head: CHILD ABUSE: SIBLING INCEST Incest Within the Family Unit and Sibling Abuse H_D 300: Child Neglect and Abuse Fall 2014 Laiklyn L. Luikart 11334761 Abstract Incest is a form of child abuse that involves sexual contact between family members and the child. Sexual abuse is most commonly found within the family, categorizing it as incest. Incest has detrimental affects on children’s physical, cognitive, and socio-emotional development and furthermore changes the dynamic of the family system, a child’s main resource. There are different types of familial incest, but sibling sexual abuse is universal accepted as the most prevalent form. The family violence is usually an active household cycle passed down from generations and most perpetrators have been victims of abuse themselves. Treatment of victims is a slow healing process that requires a safe environment and stable, healthy relationships. Keywords: Incest, Sibling Sexual Abuse, Children, Family Violence In America, all states have passed a law outlawing incest to be committed. Incest is the most commonly occurring type of child sexual abuse that involves sexual behaviors of different variations within the family unit. Adults can choose to be involved in incest, but for most cases that occur, children fall victims of incest by force. Diana Russell’s research about incestuous abuse contributes to the findings that incest does not just occur in America, but it is a prevailing issueShow MoreRelatedThe Case Of Sexual Abusers1550 Words   |  7 Pageslarge percentage of incest crimes involving children are often done by a male figure in the family. It’s usually father, or the stepfather, in the family who is the perpetrator, and the daughter who is the victim. In cases of daughter and father incest, the mother is usually aware of what’s going on but pretends not to know. Although the father is the abuser in this situation both parents are participating just in a dif ferent way. The mother not stepping in and helping the child is almost as bad asRead MoreIncest: Family and Child Sexual Abuse1573 Words   |  7 PagesINCEST I never in life want to see you again! Door slams. Mother breaks down and cries again. She lies down in her room. Her son lies beside her to comfort her. Mom rubbed him, kissed, and told him she loved him. She woke him up in the morning; he gathered his pajamas from the edge of the bed and on the floor. Mom today was extremely happy this morning. Dad no longer being around and me taking his place was just the thing that mom needed. Are there true causes to why there is a desire to wantRead MoreEssay on Incest Taboo1719 Words   |  7 PagesIncest is a word that is often misunderstood but universally considered taboo. While incest is listed as a criminal offense, many health care professionals have no clear idea of what constitutes incest or some incestuous acts are reportable by law. There are endless academic writings on the subject, yet may confuse rather than clarify because of lack of adequate definitions. Incest may be considered one of the only universal taboos, however, there is no uniformity as to which degrees are involvedRead MoreFlowers in the Attic by V.C. Andrews823 Words   |  3 PagesFamily history The movie Flowers in the Attic follows the Dollangangers as they try and survive the abuse perpetrated by both their mother Corrine Dollanganger who is approximately 36 years of age, and their grandmother Olivia Foxworthy, who is approximately 60 years of age. Olivia is known by the children as the grandmother. The movie opens with what looks to be a normal American family in the 1960’s with two boys Christopher Chris Dollanganger, Jr., who is approximately 16 years old, CoryRead MoreRape and Sexual Assault1997 Words   |  8 Pagessituation in which it occurs, the sex or characteristics of the victim, and/or the sex or characteristics of the perpetrator. Different types of rape include but are not limited to: date rape, gang rape, marital rape or spousal rape, incestral rape, child sexual abuse, prison rape, acquaintance rape, and statutory rape. Date rape, often referred to as â€Å"acquaintance rape†, is an assault or attempted assault usually committed by a new acquaintance involving sexual intercourse without mutual consent. TheRead MoreAn Additional Facet of the Incest Taboo: a Protection of the Mating-strategy Template5027 Words   |  21 PagesMAINTENANCE of the incest taboo have been sources of interest and debate for decades in a number of different disciplines. The universality of the taboo, in one form or another, has served to fuel the discussions. Nested within differences in the theorists orientations and conclusions is a consensus that, with very few exceptions, sexual intercourse is prohibited between members of the nuclear family who are not spouses -- father-child, mother-child, son-sibling, daughter-sibling. Most cultures extendRead MoreThe Relationships Between Parents and Children in Greek and Roman Myths1422 Words   |  6 PagesContrary to the present archetypes involving the relationships between parents and children, Greek and Roman myths show us that at one point in time, incest was considered socially acceptable. Many Greek and Roman myths contain twisted relationships between parents and children. These twisted relationships can be broken into three different categories: mothers and sons that have exceptionally strong bonds, parents that are threatened by their children, and the betrayal of parents or children. GreekRead MoreChildhood Of Their Own Lives Essay1475 Words   |  6 PagesGordon, Linda, Heroes of their Own Lives: The Politics and History of Family Violence, 1988 (New York, New York: Viking Penguin Inc., 1988), 383. Child abuse, neglect, incest, and spousal abuse affects thousands every year, but this is not a newly discovered problem. In Heroes of their Own Lives Linda Gordon discusses the history of family violence in Chicago, Illinois from 1880 to the 1960s. Gordon is a professor of American history at the University of Wisconsin, who has written many books on women’sRead MorePedophilia and Deviant Behavior1695 Words   |  7 Pagesmentally, psychologically, and sexually. Many times the direct impact of child sexual abuse is not made manifest until well in to adulthood. Depression, anxiety, post-traumatic stress disorder, insomnia, alcohol and or drug abuse, hypertension, obesity, sexually transmitted diseases, lack of trust and marital problems are all more frequent in the demographic of adults who were sexually abused or coerced as children (Child Sexual Abuse I: An Overview). Pedophiles were previously known to be organizedRead MoreThe Controversial Issues Of Abortion1528 Words   |  7 Pagesmandatory waiting periods, and biased counseling. As of right now, abortion is legal. Abortion should remain legal because of the following issues child-bearing women can potentially face: medical issues, safety concerns, and rape/incest situations. Women considering abortion may be undergoing this procedure due to very serious medical issues, either with the child or themselves. A common, fatal condition in children where most women choose to terminate their pregnancy is Trisomy 18. Trisomy 18, otherwise

Juvenile Justice Articles Free Essays

Samara Belgrade Ventura county 14-year-old boy, Brandon McClellan was arrested and charged with the shooting death off classmate Lawrence King. Lawrence was shot In the head at a close range. This crime was a premeditated hate crime, therefore, the Dialect Attorney added special allegation of a hate crime against Brandon McClellan, and he was charged as an adult. We will write a custom essay sample on Juvenile Justice Articles or any similar topic only for you Order Now Larry King classmates indicated that King had recently started to wear makeup and had openly proclaimed himself as gay. Classmates also indicated that King and a group of students had a confrontation due to his sexual orientation the day before he was murdered. McClellan recently turned 14, this is the legal age for charging an adolescent as an adult under the early sass’s Proposition 21 . Brandon McClellan was sentenced to 21 years for the killing Lawrence King. Juvenile arrested after hooting at undercover police in Lincoln Heights A male juvenile was booked for attempted murder after shots were fired at undercover police officers in Lincoln Heights. The 16-year-old male was captured after a search of more than seven hours inside a closed perimeter in the Lincoln Heights neighborhood, Los Angels Police Department SST. Kevin Moore said. The search began after an unknown number of shots were fired at a car driven by undercover narcotics detectives, neither officer were hurt. A citywide tactical alert, where all police personnel had their shifts extended as the search continued, was issued at 7:15 p. M. And downgraded to the Central Bureau at 8 p. M. How to cite Juvenile Justice Articles, Papers

An Early Childhood Education And Care †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the An Early Childhood Education And Care. Answer: Three different learning styles proposed by Dunn and Dunn (1978) An early childhood educator has a key role to play in the lives of the children. It is important that they understand the different styles of learning and its importance in the lives of the children. The various learning styles, as proposed by Dunn and Dunn (1987), are as follows: Environmental Emotional Sociological Physical Psychological Out of these five learning styles, the three chosen styles include the environmental elements, sociological elements, and physiological elements. Environmental elements The environmental elements include the presence of absence of sound, light and its brightness, temperature and the feeling of hot or cold and the design formal and informal seating. The noise level is an important factor for learning (Buckingham, 2013). While some of the children need a quiet environment for learning, others are able to learn in a noisy environment as well. It is important to identify the learning style in which the children are comfortable (Schmeck et al., 2013). If a child needs a quieter place for concentrating and learning, then the child should be allowed to move into the quieter place, thus facilitating learning (Dunn Price, 1978). Some students cannot concentrate in absolute silence. It is important to identify them and permit soft music or music without lyrics to help them concentrate and complete their learning. Along with sound, light is also an essential factor. While some children prefer to bring light, while the others are more comfortable to learn unde r low light. Many of the students cannot concentrate and think if they feel extremely hot. Hence, it is important to keep the temperature of the room cool, facilitating the children to learn effectively. Sociological elements The sociological elements include the individual learning, learning in teams, learning in presence of an authorities figure, or varied. Many children are comfortable learning alone, while others prefer learning in groups (Buckingham, 2013). Some of the students are comfortable in learning with assistance from the authority figures and adults. The learning style of each of them has to be identified individually and facilitated (Dunn Price, 1978). The children who prefer learning alone should be guided with the lesson and then left alone to learn. However, some of the children prefer to study in small groups. They discuss and understand the lessons better. Thus, these children should be given the opportunity to study in peer groups. Physiological elements This includes the perceptual factor, intake, time and mobility. It is essential to understand, whether he student is a visual or kinesthetic learner (Schmeck et al., 2013). Moreover, whether the learner has a habit of intake of food like snacks, while learning has to be identified as well (Dunn Price, 1978). The optimal time that the student needs for learning has to be identified, along with the need for mobility, while learning. Thus, the physiological factors have to be well understood by the educator, to facilitate learning among the children. Use of technology to support the above-mentioned learning styles The use of technology is important in order to support the above-mentioned learning styles. In order to ensure that environmental learning is facilitated, use of classrooms with informal seating design has to be incorporated, such that the students are able to choose a comfortable position of seating while learning. Moreover, teaching through videos and audio clippings is essential. This will help the children grasp the lessons even more effectively. Using role play is also effective. Many of the students are able to learn faster and better, with the use of visuals. Thus, using role play and visuals, these children are facilitated. Teaching using lectures are also effective in helping the children learn their lessons successfully. Interactive learning is helpful for the children who learn faster with interaction with a group of people, rather than learning alone (O'Donnell et al., 2013). The interactive classrooms will ensure that the children learn faster than the use of the convent ional methods of learning. Moreover, mobile learning apps are also available for assisting the children in learning. This ensures that the students use the learning app and learn while in mobility (Riding Rayner, 2013). This use of technology facilitates the children who prefer learning while moving from one place to another. Thus, the environmental, sociological as well as physiological elements are considered and with the use of technology, the learning style of the children could be facilitated. Thus, with the extensive use of technology, the various learning styles are supported and facilitated. References Buckingham, D. (2013).Beyond technology: Children's learning in the age of digital culture. John Wiley Sons. Dunn, R. S., Price, G. E. (1978). The learning style characteristics of gifted students.Gifted Child Quarterly,24(1), 33-36. O'Donnell, A. M., Hmelo-Silver, C. E., Erkens, G. (Eds.). (2013).Collaborative learning, reasoning, and technology. Routledge. Riding, R., Rayner, S. (2013).Cognitive styles and learning strategies: Understanding style differences in learning and behavior. Routledge. Schmeck, R. R. (Ed.). (2013).Learning strategies and learning styles. Springer Science Business Media. Sternberg, R. J., Zhang, L. F. (Eds.). (2014).Perspectives on thinking, learning, and cognitive styles. Routledge.

5 TD HR Nurturing An Ethical And Diverse Workplace Coursework

5 TD HR Nurturing An Ethical And Diverse Workplace Coursework 5 TD HR Nurturing An Ethical And Diverse Workplace – Coursework Example Nurturing an Ethical and Diverse Workplace of affiliation Nurturing an Ethical and Diverse Workplace I would form organizational multicultural teams to reap the benefits of diversity. Step one I seek for employees’ diversity information including age, gender, nationality, ethnicity, race, and education background amongst others. Since accessing this information would be limited, I would offer to sign a confidentiality nondisclosure form or acknowledgment (Cox, 2001). I would also access the human resources policies for information on organizational diversity management.Step two I would then classify the employees into four generations namely traditionalists, generation Y, generation X, and baby boomers. Each generation would be formed of employees with disabilities, and different employees’ ethical and racial makeup amongst other diversity considerations (Cox, 2001). Step threeThe team would be reinforced using staff survey, to obtain and list work experiences of each w ork member in the company. From the list, I would focus on building teams of employees who represent cross-functional capabilities (Cox, 2001). At all costs, the representation of team members would people from different departments, and who do not perform the same job functions. In every group, staff training will be done and team work provided and findings reviewed for multicultural competence work. Additionally, multicultural teamwork would involve integrating, multicultural skills development into staff development; introduce self assessments, goals setting, and evaluation of performance; and set board diversity goals. The teams would also be mixed up to include salaried, professional, and casual workers who participate from all job perspectives and functions.Step four In each team, I would then identify employees with diverse cultural experiences outside work to assist in overseeing engagement around the vision, goals, and objectives of the organization. This person would overs ee integration of culturally specific practices, and members’ acceptance and adjustments to differences (Cox, 2001). From the nominated culturally experienced employee, I would receive feedback for use in modification of organizational practices and processes.References Cox, T. (2001). Creating the Multicultural Organization: A Strategy for Capturing the Power of Diversity (1 ed.). United States: Jossey-Bass.

The Geography of Earths Equator

The Geography of Earths Equator Planet Earth is a roundish planet. In order to map it, geographers overlay grid of lines of latitude and longitude. Latitudinal lines wrap around the planet from east to west, while longitude lines go from north to south. The equator is an imaginary line that runs from east to west on Earths surface and is exactly halfway between the north and south  poles (the northernmost and southernmost points on the Earth). It also divides the Earth into the northern hemisphere and the southern hemisphere and is an important line of latitude for navigational purposes. It is at 0 ° latitude,  and all other measurements head north or south from it. The poles are at 90 degrees north and south. For reference, the corresponding line of longitude is the prime meridian. Earth at the Equator User:Cburnett / CC BY-SA 3.0 / Wikimedia Commons The equator is the only line on the Earths surface that is considered a great circle. This is defined as any circle drawn on a sphere (or an oblate spheroid) with a center that includes the center of that sphere. The equator thus qualifies as a great circle because it passes through the exact center of the Earth and divides it in half. Other lines of latitude north and south of the equator are not great circles because they shrink as they move toward the poles. As their length decreases, they do not all pass through the center of the Earth. Earth is an oblate spheroid that is slightly squished at the poles, which means it bulges at the equator. This pudgy basketball shape comes from a combination of Earths gravity and its rotation. As it spins, Earth flattens just a bit, making diameter at the equator 42.7 km larger than the diameter of the planet from pole to pole. Earths circumference at the equator is 40,075 km and  40,008 km at the poles. Earth also rotates faster at the equator. It takes 24 hours for the Earth to make one full rotation  on its axis, and since the planet is bigger at the equator, it has to move faster to make one full rotation. Therefore, to find the speed of Earths rotation around its middle, divide 40,000 km by 24 hours to get  1,670 km per hour. As one moves north or south in latitude from the equator the Earths circumference is reduced and thus the speed of rotation decreases slightly. The Climate at the Equator The equator is distinct from the rest of the globe in its physical environment as well as its geographic characteristics. For one thing, the equatorial climate remains much the same year-round. The dominant patterns are warm and wet or warm and dry. Much of the equatorial region is also characterized as being humid. These climactic patterns occur because the region at the equator receives the most incoming solar radiation. As one moves away from the equatorial regions, solar radiation levels change, which allows other climates to develop and explains the temperate weather in the mid-latitudes and the colder weather at the poles. The tropical climate at the equator allows an amazing amount of biodiversity. It features many different species of plants and animals and is home to the largest areas of tropical rainforests in the world. Countries Along the Equator In addition to the dense tropical rainforests along the equator, the line of latitude crosses the land and water of 12 countries  and several oceans. Some land areas are sparsely populated, but others, like Ecuador, have large populations and have some of their largest cities on the equator. For example, Quito, Ecuadors capital, is within a kilometer of the equator. As such, the citys center features a museum and monument marking the equator. More Interesting Equatorial Facts The equator has special significance beyond being a line on a grid. For astronomers, the extension of the equator out to space marks the celestial equator. People who live along the equator and watch the sky will  notice that the sunsets and sunrises are very fast and the length of each day remains fairly constant through the year.   Sailors of old (and new) celebrate equator passages when their ships cross the equator heading either north or south. These festivals range from some pretty raucous events onboard naval and other vessels to fun parties for passengers on pleasure cruise ships. For space launches, the equatorial region offers a bit of a speed boost to rockets, allowing them to save on fuel as they launch eastward.   Edited and updated by Carolyn Collins Petersen.

My Goal accomplished Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

My Goal accomplished - Essay Example People enjoy videos that are professionally made not knowing or acknowledging the work behind such superb production. Editing requires skills and ones ability to make timely decisions on what needs to be where and at what part of the video (Bigelow 415). It goes without saying that it is a challenging experience that offered me the required knowledge and experience to handle urgent problems. My task was to do video editing for the TRIP program. This task was made hard by the fact that I was needed to edit the videos for them to be 10 minutes or less as the e-learning website could not allow more than that. Unfortunately my videos were running way far than that. Troubleshooting was the only option that I had in order to uncover the problem and overcome it. I needed to come up with HD format videos as I take quality to be of utmost importance. The frame rate in my video appeared incorrect. This happened when I was trying to import and in the instances of capturing. The reason for this came to be that the frame rate was not well maintained before I used it. Capture settings need to match when editing a video. The number of frames that were shot need to match the with the footage capturing. An example is when one shoots 30 frames per second then the footage needs to be captured at 30 frames per second. I also experienced software conflicts with the video editing. This called me to immediately uninstall the software that was being problematic. My Pinnacle – the editing product was overwriting the MPEG codec. All these problems that I experienced needed good troubleshooting skills. I needed to ensure that I install up-to-date software to ensure that the rest of the editing runs smoothly (Bigelow 416). The videos had to have the same shooting frame rate as the capturing rate. This was solved by repeating some of the footage. Trying to come up with the 10 minutes video was a challenge on its own that I solved by

Enterprise Process Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Enterprise Process Management - Essay Example As the corporate world shifts to a complete cooperative model and competitors elevate their abilities to stay competitive, organisations must enhance their individual business practices and processes. Organisations also must share critical information to the major dealers, providers and customers. Furthermore, organisations must advance their abilities to create and communicate suitable and precise information. To accomplish these objectives, organisations are progressively revolving to enterprise process reengineering methodology (Umble & et. al., 2003). Based on this aspect, the report provides information about Critical Success Factors (CSFs) for effective enterprise process reengineering (EPR) particularly in automobile segment. Furthermore, the report also provides recommendations to the Chief Executive and Board of Directors of Ford Motor Company regarding accomplishment of those CSFs. The Concept of EPR EPR is defined as a necessary reconsideration and thorough reformation of business processes with a view to attain remarkable improvement such as minimisation of costs, enhancement of quality and service and increased speed, which are currently considered to be essential constituents to enhance the organisational performance. EPR is regarded as modality of accomplishing new radical procedure or organisational transformation in order to better satisfy the clients’ requirements. EPR helps to redesign the business and production procedure with a view to eradicate such functions that do not add value. The key features of EPR include the aspects that: It focuses on fundamental issues of organisation, rather than organisational departments It focuses more on process and less on people and organisational structures It attempts to go to the core of organisational process in order to make apparent changes by removing outdated activities and discovering new means of carrying out different activities It creates strong connection with IT (Sabau, 2005) EPR in A utomobile Segment Presently, automobile manufacturing organisations are confronting essential changes to their businesses with the appearance of new technologies and relocation of international supply chains. Besides, rapid improvement of IT and transportation system also have allowed the synthesis of local and national markets into an international one. Unpredictability and changeability in both, internal as well as external business environment is also experienced by several automobile organisations. Hence, in order to sustain, automobile organisations necessitate receptiveness and flexibility in the accomplishment of business and operational process. For customer orientation, turning ideas into final products has increasingly become an important component for gaining competitiveness in automobile segment. Only quality, technical complexity and price attractiveness are not sufficient for gaining success in today’s market. The products must be capable to fulfil the customer demands. Due to these reasons, automobile organisations are directed to incorporate every aspect of business functions ranging from customers to suppliers in the product life cycle phase. Furthermore, information and knowledge are

Analysis of the poem Acquainted with the Night Essay

Analysis of the poem Acquainted with the Night - Essay Example The setting of the poem is in the urban area; obviously it is crowed since it houses a big population, generally more than what the city infrastructure can accommodate; He writes, â€Å"I have looked down the saddest city lane.† He is familiar with the geography of the city; the second theme is loneliness; the third theme is the speaker’s sadness. The surroundings and situations make the poet sad. It is to be noted that the poem was written in 1928, when the world economy (especially that of U.S.) was at the threshold the Great Depression (which commenced in 1930) But the year 1928 relates to plenty and prosperity. Why then the poet should be sad? The poets have generally nothing to get elated about the materialistic prosperity. Their domain is spirituality, where such attachments have no relevance. â€Å"Proclaimed the time was neither wrong nor right- I have been one acquainted with the night.† -the poet has perfectly mastered the nature of the dualities of lif e, and came to the conclusion that everything happens in life, as it should! Time is a great healer, and one can never complain about Time-the nature of its functioning! It is always perfect; it is benevolent, provided an individual has the patience to understand. The wise saying goes, ‘Go placidly amidst the noise and din†¦.everything is happening as it should!’ The poet uses paradox like, â€Å"the time was neither wrong nor right.† He uses a common syntax of word order in most of the lines in his poem. This poem is a sonnet. The overall tone of the poem is sad and apathetic. â€Å"Acquainted with the Night,† means he has come to terms with the night. He is able to cope up with the night; he has mastered the art of living. The sapling of silence is steadily growing in his heart. The image of the moon as a clock and timekeeper is perfect because, the moon is one of the perfect agents of nature, unfailing as for the

Art Forms in Advertising: The Beijing Olympics

Art Forms in Advertising: The Beijing Olympics While advertising has mass appeal, we may argue that with the proliferation of new media, art is now more recycled than ever and not the exclusive behest of individuals fortunate enough to travel to the great museums and art galleries of the world where such canonical and benchmark art works reside.- art works can be appreciated whether they reside at The Louvre and never leave their hallowed home, or if they are encapsulated within a series of television commercials. In the industrial world it has been noted that â€Å"much of the creativity goes into advertising which probably serves more to divide than unite. The communities that share synthesizing symbols now are network communities that crosscut geographic settlements.†[35] The Beijing Olympic opening and closing ceremonies certainly extend the limits of art forms, art exposure and the skill of absolute precision, a long standing feature of high art whether visual or performance based, is extenuated by virtue of the latest technological wizardry, the unprecedented global telecasts and the voluminous populations who participated in the enactment of the such art works, all of which, undoubtedly, acted as a mega advertisement for Chinese ancient culture and modernisation. According to Hatcher et. al. â€Å"as to the functions of art, there is much to be learned. In the industrial world much of the creativity goes into advertising which probably serves more to divide than unite. The communities that share synthesizing symbols now are network communities that crosscut geographic settlements. But art is being used in many places as a form of communication in the negotiations as to the nature of changes† [36] While advertising has mass appeal, we may argue that with the proliferation of new media, art is now more recycled than ever and not the exclusive behest of individuals fortunate enough to travel to the great museums and art galleries of the world where such canonical and benchmark art works reside.- art works can be appreciated whether they reside at The Louvre and never leave their hallowed home, or if they are encapsulated within a series of television commercials. As Gibbons noted, while advertising normally occupies a lower status than art, art is usually less accessible, unless of course advertising has appropriated it within culturally familiar formats. The Beijing Olympic opening and closing ceremonies certainly extend the limits of art forms, art exposure and the skill of absolute precision, a long standing feature of high art whether visual or performing, is extenuated by virtue of the latest technological wizardry, the unprecedented global telecasts and the voluminous populations who participated in the enactment of the such art works, all of which, undoubtedly, acted as a mega advertisement for Chinese ancient culture and modernisation. References Baxter, Lynda Art Terms and Definitions, retrieved November 15, 2008 from http://www.artincanada.com/arttalk/arttermsanddefinitions.html 2000 Gibbons, J. Art and advertising. New York : Palgrave Macmillan, 2005. Gunz, Joel. Art vs. Advertising, An Epic Battle between Art Dweebs and Advertising Grunts, retrieved November 15, 2008 from http://joelgunz.blogspot.com/2006/06/art-vs-advertising-epic-battle-between.html 2006. Harms, John and Kellner, Douglas. Toward a Critical Theory of Advertising, retrieved November 15, 2008 from http://www.uta.edu/huma/illuminations/kell6.htm n.d. Footnotes [35]  Hatcher, Bergin and Garvey 1999, 249-250 [36] Hatcher, Bergin and Garvey 1999, 249-250

The Other Nature Essay -- Writing Writer Literature Papers

The Other Nature Early in her exploration of man's soul, Joyce Carol Oates discovers a fundamental truth while writing about the character of Stavrogin in Dostoyevsky's The Possessed-that as part of his inevitable fall, man violates "nature" in so complete a way as to separate himself from the only forces that can save him. This theme dealing with the Fall of man is a constant thread that weaves itself through most of Oates' essays, the corruption by various internal and external forces and the tragedy that results from man's blindness to his own nature and to what would provide him salvation. Oates' power lies in her ability to delve deep within the personalities of the writers, the characters they create, and the powerful themes buried deep in the work's soul. She applies psychological concepts and archetypes in order to explore the implications brought about by the similarities and differences in the characters' thoughts and actions. She reaches her most thought-provoking insights by connecting parallel motifs across a wide spectrum of literature and constantly leaps from one generalization to the next causing the reader to wonder how she has come to the fascinating and brilliant conclusions presented in Contraries. By examining the Fall of man, she discovers how self-awareness and material preoccupations lead to a corruption of the "natural" self. Later, the discussion of tragedy and transcendence in essays about King Lear and Nostromo reveals the fundamental importance of women-as saviors of the natural world and representatives of salvation for men. Women are the und erlying focus of her essays; the archetypes and roles they adhere to and defy as literary characters shape the way she perceives the female. Ultimat... ... subjection is presented as grisly and mean. Perhaps this shift of focus from the sublime to the obscene is necessary to bring more clearly into focus the longstanding female archetype and provide us with the strength to intervene in such deep-running cultural patterns. Oates certainly does not preach at us, and she never tells us exactly what to do. But reading Connie's story, and reading over Oates's shoulder as she sees the archetype that created it, we are pushed, at least, to read the stories we encounter to find and reflect on the conflicts of human nature they reveal. Works Cited Oates, Joyce Carol. Contraries: Essays. New York: Oxford UP, 1981. "Where Are You Going, Where Have You Been?" 1966. Celestial Timepiece: Joyce Carol Oates Archive. Ed. Randy Souther. Dec. 1996. San Francisco. 10 Dec. 2000. <http://storm.usfca.edu/ ~southerr/wgoing.html>

Interview Questions for Manager Profiles Essay

Q1.What do you think are the challenges for Hero MotoCorp at this moment? Q2.What steps would you take to meet the challenges? Â  Q3.Describe a situation in which you were required to handle an unsatisfactory customer. Q4.How has your previous company benefited from you? Â  Q5.What are the most important skills that are required for this job profile? Which of these do you have and don’t have? Q6.What life lessons does a management degree teach? Â  Q7.Tell us about a time when, as a team leader, you had to deal with a difficult situation professionally. How did you solve the issue keeping the team members in purview? Q8.What are the two significant trends in the two wheeler industry today? Q9.Describe a situation when you had to convince a non-supporting team member to consider your plan of action. Q10.What was your specialization in your management studies? Q11.What was going on in your mind when you decided on the management specialization subjects? Q12.How has your previous job experience helped you personally and professionally? Q13.Describe your usual work week. What kinds of works do you do as a manager? General Interview Questions for Hero MotoCorp Ltd Q1.Tell us something about yourself. Q2.What are your hobbies? Q3.What is your vision for Hero MotoCorp? Q4.How did you come to know about Hero MotoCorp? What made you apply here? Q5.Give us reasons why you want to work in this company and not any other. Q6.How do you think will you make a difference in the company? Q7.Which product or service of Hero MotoCorp interests you the most? Why? Q8.How do you see yourself 5 years from now? Q9.What is your expectation in terms of salary? Q10.Tell us about the competitors of Hero MotoCorp. How do these competitors rate in comparison to this company? Q11.How would you describe your role in Hero MotoCorp, if you are hired?

Managing children on watching television

Managing children on watching television The definition for television is a system for transmitting visual images and sound that are reproduced on screens, primarily used to broadcast programs for entertainment, information, and education. The history of television comprises the work of numerous engineers and inventors in several countries over many decades. The first practical demonstrations of television, however, were developed using electromechanical methods to scan, transmit, and reproduce an image.As electronic camera and display tubes were perfected, electromechanical television gave way to ll-electronic systems in nearly all applications. Commercially available since the late 1920s, the television set has become commonplace in homes, businesses and institutions, particularly as a vehicle for advertising, a source of entertainment, and news. In 2009 78 percent of the world's households owned at least one television set, an increase of 5% over 2003. Television can be used in ma ny ways, such as entertainment, information, and education.Television can be bad but it can be good if we know how to manage with it. The American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry states that television viewing can be a powerful influence in eveloping value systems and shaping behavior. Most of us are aware that Sesame Street teaches children who are ready for it, letters and numbers. Research on children's behavior, school performance, weight, sleeping habits, and brain development back up the assertion that TV is harming our children.Violent behavior, research has shown that the more hours children spend watching TV, the more likely they are to display aggressive impulses and hostile feelings. This effect has been found to apply whether the televised behavior is performed by a human or by a cartoon character. And aggressive impulses have been found to occur with girls s well as boys and with teenagers and adults as well as children. There are also other behavior that alm ost likely to occur when we let our children watch television such as, kids who watch more TV start smoking at an earlier age, exposure to alcohol use on TV and in music videos (such as on MTV).As a parents what can we do to teach our children to view television as a treat or special entertainment. Many of the following suggestions come from the American Academy of Pediatrics, the first one is observe, how do our children act after watching television? Do the certain behavior increase or decrease? After observing you can decide whether to eliminate certain program or not, short term effects are easier to observe but, long term effects are far more difficult.Listen to our child also can help them to share what are they thinking about the show and let them share their feeling about, by listening we also can ask question and help them to think about what theyVe seen, process it, and clarify values. Monitor the shows children and adolescents are viewing, most programs should be informat ional, educational, and nonviolent. Choose shows that engage through challenging and interesting content, rather than flashy graphics and oise. Make sure programs are age and developmentally appropriate.Provide alternatives, when your child says I'm bored, does it become your problem? Or is it an incentive for your child to be creative? Are the raw materials for creativity available? hobbies, and creative play. There are lots of ways to manage children on watching TV shows. We Just need to learn and do research about how to manage rather than shut the TV and ask your children to study. There is a way to do it. Lastly, manage your children on watching TV well is the key to control their behavior.

Free Essays on Developmental Progression

The developmental progression is different for everyone whether you are a male or a female. Humans start to develop at all different ages. Girls tend to start about two years earlier than boys. Girl’s bodies also go through a more difficult process than the male body does. When a human is born, they are classified as either a boy or a girl. Little girls are usually dressed in pink and white lacy clothing with head bands or ribbons in their hair. Boys are usually dressed in blue. Girls’toys also differ from the boys. Girls are supposed to play with dolls while boys play with trucks. When I was growing up; I had two older brothers and I received the hand-me-downs. I played in the dirt with my GI-Joes just like my brothers did. Girls are taught to be proper and to do all those â€Å"girlie† things. Right when they think they’ve known all to be known about being a girl, puberty comes and smacks them in the face. As early as the age of eight, the female body starts to go through some changes. Breasts start to develop, hair begins to grow and then menstruation begins. The school systems makes you watch that movie thinking that it’s going to prepare you for it all, but it makes the children more confused than before. Puberty for females is more noticeable then it is for males. I never had the problem of having my breast develop too young, but I know girls that went through all the teasing because they had these odd shapes poking out of her shirt. Eventually as the years go on, all the females go through puberty and start to menstruate. Through this time I can assure you that there was a lot of teasing going on. Every time I would get into an argument with my brothers they would automatically assume that I was â€Å"on the rag† or â€Å"aunt flow was in town†. Because of all the teasing and name calling, I can say from experience, I was taught to keep my menstruation a secret. I was almost embarrassed about it. When growing up, it ... Free Essays on Developmental Progression Free Essays on Developmental Progression The developmental progression is different for everyone whether you are a male or a female. Humans start to develop at all different ages. Girls tend to start about two years earlier than boys. Girl’s bodies also go through a more difficult process than the male body does. When a human is born, they are classified as either a boy or a girl. Little girls are usually dressed in pink and white lacy clothing with head bands or ribbons in their hair. Boys are usually dressed in blue. Girls’toys also differ from the boys. Girls are supposed to play with dolls while boys play with trucks. When I was growing up; I had two older brothers and I received the hand-me-downs. I played in the dirt with my GI-Joes just like my brothers did. Girls are taught to be proper and to do all those â€Å"girlie† things. Right when they think they’ve known all to be known about being a girl, puberty comes and smacks them in the face. As early as the age of eight, the female body starts to go through some changes. Breasts start to develop, hair begins to grow and then menstruation begins. The school systems makes you watch that movie thinking that it’s going to prepare you for it all, but it makes the children more confused than before. Puberty for females is more noticeable then it is for males. I never had the problem of having my breast develop too young, but I know girls that went through all the teasing because they had these odd shapes poking out of her shirt. Eventually as the years go on, all the females go through puberty and start to menstruate. Through this time I can assure you that there was a lot of teasing going on. Every time I would get into an argument with my brothers they would automatically assume that I was â€Å"on the rag† or â€Å"aunt flow was in town†. Because of all the teasing and name calling, I can say from experience, I was taught to keep my menstruation a secret. I was almost embarrassed about it. When growing up, it ...

Specialty Hospitals and Community Hospitals Essay

Specialty Hospitals and Community Hospitals - Essay Example For instance, some cardiac hospitals had a tendency of treating cases that were more profitable as compared to the cases that community hospitals dealt with, whilst there was no conclusive determination as regards specialty hospitals dealing with surgical cases. Another realization of this analysis was the higher satisfaction from patients who received their treatment from specialty hospitals compared to other hospitals (Li & Wang, 2008). The conclusion drawn from this study was that specialty hospitals delivered care that was less uncompensated. However, the compensation of these costs came from payments done to corporate and property income taxes. Another mode of compensation was the failure to receive a disproportion share of hospital payments. On the other hand, the department of health concluded that some physicians usually referred patients to their private hospitals whilst still taking emergency calls from their departments in order to maintain their bases for referrals. These studied failed to identify a significant impact differential on both utilization and quality, and as such, recommended a modification on the prices of DRG in order to reflect costs much closely, as well as, eliminating any incentives provided. According to the studies and reports, it was impossible for MedPAC and the department of health to come up with a conclusive decision about the performance and activities of specialty hospitals. However, it was necessary to come up with a solid decision in order to determine the right position of specialty hospitals within the community. For instance, the CMS came up with certain decisions at the end of August 2006. It decided to follow up the recommendations made by the MedPAC in order to revise payments made to DRG for them to be much closer to other hospital costs as compared to hospital charges. In addition, it also seconded the proposed rule whereby specialty hospitals were to accept transfers of patients

Winslow Homer Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Winslow Homer - Research Paper Example (Downes, 2006) In this painting After the Hurricane, 1899, Winslow Homer tries to convey the idea in his painting (After the Hurricane, 1899) that a man is laid to stand against nature. During the early civilizations, when men had just started evolving, the painting relates that era to the modern World. Imagine a World with no technology and communication, the humans would have to rely on nature and that is what this painting depicts. The excellent technique adopted by Wilson Homer in doing such a great masterpiece painting is empathetic. He used human psychology to drive human mind on what happens after a man is competing against nature. As you can see that the man in the painting (After the Hurricane, 1899) is washed off on the shore of a beach after a hurricane. The man in the painting is helpless yet he has to find the courage to stand again and survive not for what he has lost but for what his future holds. You see life of a person doesn’t stop after losing a loved one. He still has to find the courage to survive and the nature will be its provider. The purpose it serves is of cherishing family. No one knows the point till they are alive so why not spend time with loved ones. In the painting (After The Hurricane, 1899) the man washed off on the shore might have lost his family, his loved one, anyone and now they are gone forever. Similarly, in this era, people are so busy within their lives to progress that they often forget to value the people that helped them. In the painting, hurricane is used as a metaphor where death can strike at any time to anyone and just like the man is washed off on the shore of a beach in the painting, the modern human will be mourning the loss in real life. His another masterpiece The Gulf Stream,1899 is influenced by the tale of a man from British Army who got robbed by pirates and sailed on a boat alone on the sea to reach the coast. The man later dies due to his

PLANNING PERSONAL FINANCE Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

PLANNING PERSONAL FINANCE - Essay Example In case of dividend if the income is received or accumulated it is given a credit @ 10%. For example, if an investor gets a dividend of 90p then total dividend would be counted as 100p as 10% credit built in it. Tax payers who fall in starting rate and basic rates and non tax payers does not have to do any other things in this regard. No refund will be accommodated by HMRC (Her Majestys Revenue and Customs) on this claim by non tax payers. It should be noted that the losses made on disposals can be adjusted with profits made during the year and then the tax would be calculated. Further the losses accumulated can be carried forward for indefinite period. Term life assurance is a policy which gives coverage at a fixed payment rate for decided period of time which is normally limited in nature. After the period has lapsed coverage automatically expires and the rates and premiums also get changed. It is on the client either to leave the coverage or obtain more coverage by making different payment on different terms and conditions. In case of death of insured during the term, the benefits of insured will be paid to the beneficiaries. An individual can also make contributions on his own by making an arrangement with an insurance company or some other provider. These schemes will also enjoy similar tax advantages as that of occupational schemes. Normally individuals invest during their employment life and then enjoy the pension in their post retirement life. There are various advantages attached with an scheme in respect of tax which got itself registered. Some of the advantages are assets grow free from income tax, capital gains tax and corporation tax, employees are allowed to contribute out of their untaxed income and employer contributions are allowed in tax as deductible expenses. Only funded schemes are allowed to get registered. It is not necessary that the shares are available on par

Scholarly Writing Essay Example for Free

Scholarly Writing Essay With reference to the given text, the author insists that over the years of modern technology, computers are now impacting peoples’ lives tremendously. Computers are used for businesses and education purposes and there is no longer a question about whether it is affordable or not. A first point of analysis demonstrates that the author lacks display of scholarly writing. The written paragraph does not display thorough research and he does not use supporting evidence within his text. After reading the paragraph, I am unclear as to whether the author is giving his opinions or if he has findings within a research. The authors opinions also seem to be biased which is not an element of scholarly writing. As discussed in the HUMN 8000 course study notes, (Introduction to Scholarly Writing: Purpose, Audience, and Evidence), the key tasks as a scholarly writer is to show that what you have written is true and that you know what you’re talking about. He has provided the audience with personal views and judgment as speaks about poor people. He also uses the slang term â€Å"plugged in† and within scholarly writing, you must use proper choice of words which he did not. The author also lacks presenting this information in a clear and concise way, where it is straightforward for the audience to follow and understand. The author’s only strength in terms of scholarly writing is displayed as he discusses the importance of computers and how it is conducted in our everyday lives. The author makes reference to a source that he researched, Business Week, 2001. This article lacks quality of evidence for the mere fact that it is not up to date. Some comparison could have been made to modern technologies related to computers, for instance laptops or other devices. Lastly, the information presented that more than 80% of all high school students were â€Å"plugged in†, does not give a concise representation of the remainder population. The author speaks of many people not being able to afford a computer and also generally references poor people. As a reader, I am unsure of what the remainder population represents. References Introduction to Scholarly Writing: Purpose, Audience, and Evidence. (2012). Laureate education, Inc. {Study Notes} Retrieved from https://class. waldenu. edu/bbcswebdav/institution/USW1/201410_17/MS_HUMN/HUMN_8000/artifacts/Week_2_Citing_a_Discussion_Posting_and_Course_Study_Notes. pdf Laureate Education, Inc. (Executive Producer). (2012). Tips for effective online composition and communication [Video]. Baltimore, MD: Author

Looking At The Personality Theory

Looking At The Personality Theory A person is a flow of powerful subjective life, conscious and unconscious; a whispering gallery in which voices echo from the distant past; a gulf stream of fantasies with floating memories of past events, currents of contending complexes, plots and counterplots, hopeful intimations and idealsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦A personality is a full Congress of orators and pressure groups, of children, demagogues, communists, isolationists, war-mongers, mugwumps, grafters, log rollers, lobbyists, Caesars and Christs, Machiavellis and Judases, Tories and Promethean revolutionists. (Murray, What Should Psychologists 160-61) The term personality is used by psychologists to denote a consistent pattern of responses to the world that the environment imposes upon the individual internally and externally (Kassarjian and Robertson 194). All the physical, mental and emotional characteristics of an individual as an integrated whole, especially as they are presented to others, form what we commonly term as personality. According to Robert B. Ewen, personality refers to important and relatively stable aspects of behaviour.(4) During the past one hundred years extensive research has been done by the various psychologists in this field. This research has given birth to what we now call Personality psychology. Personality psychology is a branch of psychology which studies human personality deeply using psychological theories. The scientific study of personality can be traced back to the year 1937, when Gordon Allport published his book Personality: A Psychological Interpretation. Personality analysis, like art, is subjective in nature. There is no single best recognised definition or theory of personality yet and different psychologists have different definitions and theories regarding personality. Psychologists themselves cannot arrive at a unifying definition of personality, due in part to its subjective nature. (Schultz 2) According to Sam Smiley, It is the form, or overall unity, of an individuals traits. It includes the complex of characteristics that distinguish one person from all others, and it admits the behavioural potentials of the individual which transcend all his attitudes and actions. . . . Personality is the totality of a human beings physiological and psychological traits, and therefore it is the epitome of whatever differentiates one human from every other human. (82-83) Robert B. Ewen gives one of the most comprehensive definitions of personality. He says, Personality deals with a wide range of human behaviour. To most theorists, personality includes virtually everything about a person-mental, emotional, social, and physical. Some aspects of personality are unobservable, such as thoughts, memories, and dreams, whereas others are observable, such as overt actions. Personality also includes aspects that are concealed from yourself, or unconscious, as well as those that are conscious and well within your awareness. (4) Some other significant definitions by noted psychologists are: Cattell offers the opinion that, Personality is that which permits a prediction of what a person will do in a given situation. . . . Personality is . . . concerned with all the behaviour of the individual, both overt and under the skin. (Liebert and Spiegler 3-4) Personality refers to the collection of attitudes and knowledge that a person possesses, that is, mainly those personal items that direct behaviour. In this context, personality is synonymous with mind. (McNeal 52) While defining personality it is only appropriate to remember that the word personality is derived from the Latin word persona which means a mask. One very important observation that has been made in this regard is: à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦in early Latin, persona means a mask dramatis personae are the masks which actors wear in a play, that is, the characters that are represented. Etymologically and historically, then, the personality is the character that is manifested in public. In modern psychology and sociology this corresponds rather closely to the role behaviour of a differentiated person. From one point of view, this constitutes a disguise. Just as the outer body shields the viscera from view, and clothing the genitals, so the public personality shields the private personality from the curious and censorious world. It also operates to conceal underlying motivations from the individuals own consciousness. (Murray and Kluckhohn 40) The study of personality is a broad area and includes various theoretical constructs, conceptual approaches and research methodologies. The major theories include psychodynamic perspective, humanistic perspective, trait perspective, behaviourist perspective and cognitive perspective. The major personality theorists include Sigmund Freud, Carl Gustav Jung, Alfred Adler, Karen Horney, Erich Fromm, Harry Stack Sullivan, Erik Erikson, Carl R. Rogers, Abraham H. Maslow, Rollo May, Gordon W. Allport, Raymond B. Cattell, Henry A. Murray, B. F. Skinner, George A. Kelly and Albert Bandura. The present study deals with Gordon W. Allports and Henry A. Murrays theories of personality. The main aim is to study and analyse Michael Jacksons personality with the application of Allports and Murrays personality theories. The thesis focuses on Michael Jackson as an individual and how his character and personality are similar in several aspects to the character and personality of the picaro the antihero of picaresque novels. It is essential to study in detail the theories of both the psychologists in order to successfully use them as a tool to analyse the personalities of Michael Jackson and the picaro. Gordon Willard Allport (1897 1967) was a premier American psychologist who is often called the father of Personality theory. He is considered to be the founder of personality psychology as he was one of the first psychologists to have focused extensively on the study of personality. He was the first psychologist who gave thorough thought to the concept of traits in a person. He developed a theory called the trait theory and opined that the trait was the most appropriate way of describing and studying personality. Allport approached psychology and the issue of personality in a unique way. Allport revolutionized the world of psychology by moving the study of the personality into the mainstream of psychology. His theories are still debated, and he is considered one of the most controversial psychologists of our time. (Hall and Lindzey 260) Allports opinions differed from other psychologists. He believed in studying healthy and mature individuals. He felt the study of animals and neurotic people could not lead to conclusions pertinent to normally functioning adults. (Becoming 18) Secondly, Allport viewed every human being as unique. Therefore, he believed in studying an individual personality as opposed to studying people in common. He criticized scientists for their avoidance of the individual and their prevalent theory that individuality can only be studied by history, art or biography and not by science. He believed that nomothetic methods (general and universal) should be discouraged and idiographic methods (individual) must be encouraged. If we accept this dogma concerning the scope and limitations of science we shall have to abandon the person as a person. But we are not yet discouraged. That the individual is a system of patterned uniqueness is a fact. That science likes universals and not particulars is also a fact. Yet personality itself is a universal phenomenon though it is found only in individual forms. Since it is a universal phenomenon science must study it; but it cannot study it correctly unless it looks into the individuality of patterning! Such is the dilemma. (Pattern and Growth 9) Allport stated that there is no correct or incorrect definition of personality, rather all definitions are full of pitfalls. (Pattern and Growth 28) He defined personality as a dynamic organization within the individual of those psychophysical systems that determine his unique adjustments to his environment.(Personality 48) Because this definition reflects some unique phrasing and word choices, Allports own explanations of terminology and phrasing are presented. Dynamic Organization The personality is constantly changing, and any definition of personality must acknowledge this change. However, this change does not occur in the normal adult in a haphazard fashion; rather, it occurs within the boundaries of an organization. (Allport, Personality 48) This change occurs in a self -regulating and motivating fashion. This definition of organized change implies the existence of a reciprocal process of disorganization, especially in those personalities marked by progressive disintegration. (Allport, Pattern and Growth 28) Psychophysical This term serves as a reminder that personality is neither exclusively physical nor mental. Instead, the organization of the personality fuses the physical and mental in some inextricable unity. (Allport, Personality 48) Systems A system is a complex of elements in mutual interaction. The personality is composed of many systems. A habit, sentiment, trait, concept, or style of behaving are all systems and are latent in the personality even when they are not active. Systems are our potential for activity. (Allport, Pattern and Growth 28-29) Determine Personality is something, and it does something. Personality is active. Allport contended that the latent psychophysical systems, when called into action, either motivate or direct a specific activity or thought. (Pattern and Growth 29) Personality is not synonymous with behaviour or activity; personality is merely the impression that this activity makes on others. It is what lies behind specific acts and within the individual. (Allport, Personality 48) All systems that comprise a single personality are the determining tendencies. They exert a direct influence on the adjusting and expressive acts which make up the personality. (Allport, Pattern and Growth 29) Characteristic All behaviour and thought are characteristic of the person and are unique to that person. Allport acknowledged the use of this term, and the need to define it, appeared redundant in a definition whose very meaning stressed individuality and uniqueness. He used it, though, to drive the point home. (Pattern and Growth 29) Behaviour and Thought Allport used these two terms to cover anything whatsoever an individual might do. A persons main activity, according to Allport, is to adjust to the environment, but he felt it unwise to define personality only in terms of adjustment. He acknowledged the individual also reflects on the environment, strives to master it, and sometimes succeeds in this mastery of the environment. Thought as well as behaviour, then, make for both survival and growth. (Allport, Pattern and Growth 29) The following diagram depicts a comprehensive view of personality. Allport summarized his own definition of personality: My own definition of personality is essentialist. Personality is what a person really is, regardless of the way other people perceive his qualities or the methods by which we study them. Our perceptions and our methods may be in error, just as an astronomer may fall short in studying the constitution of a star. But the star is still there, a challenging object for study. My definition does not, of course, deny that a person is variable over time or that his behaviour may change from situation to situation. It says simply that the person has an internal structure and range of characteristics (variable, to be sure, but ascertainable), and it is this structure that we hope to study. (Pattern and Growth 35) The discussion in detail of Allports definition of personality and his approach towards both, personality and psychology, leads us to his theory of traits. According to Allport a trait is: a generalized and focalized neuropsychic system (peculiar to the individual), with the capacity to render many stimuli functionally equivalent, and to initiate and guide consistent (equivalent) forms of adaptive and expressive behaviour. (Personality 295) He believed that a trait exists within a person and is there even when a person is alone and away from the observation of others. Secondly, he believed that traits define behaviour and make it consistent. Traits, we must note from the outset, are not per se observables. Nor are they real entities. You will never be able to place them under a microscope. They are descriptive schemas that are the product of human reason and imagination. They serve a heuristic purpose, as do all other constructs about the world in which we live: namely, they give a conceptual order to our world and make it more comprehensible than it would be without them. That Allport ([1937] 1961), for example, stipulates that traits or personality for that matter have neuropsychic referents does not turn them into things (reify them so to speak). (Dumont 149) Allport clearly distinguished traits form types. Unlike traits types always have a biosocial reference. A man can be said to have a trait; but he cannot be said to have a type. Rather he fits a type.types exist not in people or in nature, but rather in the eye of the observer. Type includes more than is in the individual. Traits, on the contrary, are considered wholly within the compass of the individual. The crux of the distinction is that in a type the reference point is always some attribute, or cluster of corresponding attributes abstracted from various personalities. (Personality 295-296) Yet Allport was aware of the limitations involved in the study of traits: generalities of names; variability of emotions; the ability to observe only the act, which is the result of the trait rather than the trait itself. (Allport, Pattern and Growth 333-334) Even with the limitations involved in trait research, Allport believed them to be one of the strongest means for personality study. He did not blindly study personality traits, but tried to take into account all of the variables, for example: No trait theory can be sound unless it allows for, and accounts for, the variability of a persons conduct. Pressures from the surrounding environment, the companions he is with, and the counter current in the person himself may delay, augment, distort, or inhibit completely the conduct that we would normally expect to issue from a persons traits. . . . All this is true; yet in a persons stream of activity there is, besides a variable portion, likewise a constant portion; and it is this constant portion we seek to designate with the concept of trait. (Pattern and Growth 333) Allport draws a distinction between common traits and individual traits. A common trait identifies a trait which to some extent is reflected in many personalities. An individual trait, however, or personal disposition (as Allport came to call them), is peculiar to the individual. He points out that all traits are unique and no one trait can be found in more than one person. But at the same time for the science of personality and psychology to function properly it is important to compare individuals. Allport states that for all their ultimate differences, normal persons within a given culture-area tend to develop a limited number of roughly comparable modes of adjustment. The original endowment of most human beings, their stages of growth, and the demands of their particular society, are sufficiently standard and comparable to lead to some basic modes of adjustment that from individual to individual are approximately the same.(Pattern and Growth 298) Common traits are developed, according to Allport, because the human nature develops similar modes of adjusting to a similar environment, though varying degrees of individualism still exist (Pattern and Growth 349). Allport felt common traits were less important to the individual personality because they actually reflect the social mores developed through socialization, rather than personal choices. Therefore, common traits are constantly changing according to the growth, development, and fads of a particular society. Allport felt the very nature of the common trait made it less influential to the individual. Individual traits, on the other hand, have the capacity to initiate and guide consistent forms of adaptive and stylistic behaviour. (Allport, Pattern and Growth 373). However, Allport felt that for a complete and thorough study of personality both common and individual traits are essential: individual and common trait [concepts] are complementary in the study of personality. What is unique and what is universal both need to be explored. (Personality 299) Allport described traits by names. He identified approximately eighteen thousand words in the English language which named distinctive forms of personal behaviour. Though incomplete, Allport believed that, this list of words had an infinite scope. Allport categorized the 18,000 trait names: 30% have an evaluative flavour; 25% are comparative; 25% refer to temporary states of mind, mood, emotion, or activity, and 25% are metaphorical (Pattern and Growth 354-355). Allport was dissatisfied with the limitations of verbal tags. He recognized the weaknesses found in the subjective and limited nature of labelling: A trait of personality may or may not coincide with some well-defined, conventional social concept. . . It would be ideal if we could . . . find our traits first and then name them. But honesty, loyalty, neatness and tact, though encrusted with social significance, may likewise represent true traits of personality. The danger is that, in devising scales for their measurement, we may be bound by the conventional meanings and thus be led away from the precise integration as it exists in a given individual. Where possible, it would be well for us to find our traits first and then seek devaluated terms with which to characterize our discoveries. (Becoming 135) Allport understood that no single act is the product of only one trait, and a trait is only one factor in determining an act. (Allport, Pattern and Growth 334 and 360) This recognition of the complexity of the human nature led Allport to the conclusion that it is ridiculous to try to reduce human nature to a single element simply for the sake of explanation: We view personality in the only way it can be intelligibly viewedas a network of organization, composed of systems within systems, some systems of small magnitude and somewhat peripheral to the central or propriate structure, other systems of wider scope at the core of the total edifice; some easy to set into action, others more dormant; some so culturally conforming that they can readily be viewed as common; others definitely idiosyncratic. But in the last analysis this network-complying billions and billions of nerve cells, fashioned by a one-time heredity and by environmental experiences never duplicated-is ultimately unique. (Pattern and Growth 360) Although there is a certain degree of consistency found within the personality, the personality is not completely predictable. The inconsistency of dispositions could be due to a specific situation, or to the actual existence of opposite dispositions within an individual (Allport, Becoming 135). Allport felt that contradictory behaviour is often not contradictory at all, but a contrasting stylistic demonstration of the same personal disposition. What must be identified is the deepest disposition that is operating within an individual: Take the case of Dr. D., always neat about his person and desk, punctilious about lecture notes, outlines, and files; his personal possessions are not only in order but carefully kept under lock and key. Dr. D is also in charge of the departmental library. In this duty he is careless; he leaves the library door unlocked, and books are lost; it does not bother him that dust accumulates. Does this contradiction in behaviour mean that D lacks personal dispositions? Not at all. He has two opposed stylistic dispositions, one of orderliness and one of disorderliness. Different situations arouse different dispositions. Pursuing the case further, the duality is at least partly explained by the fact that D has one cardinal (motivational) disposition from which these contrasting styles proceed. The outstanding fact about his personality is that he is a self -centred egotist who never acts for other peoples interests, but always for his own. This cardinal self -centeredness (for which there is abundant evidence) demands orderliness for himself, but not for others. (Allport, Pattern and Growth 363) A particular trait can be identified and determined in a particular person only if the behaviour it characterises occurs repeatedly in by and large similar situations. According to Allport: A specific act is always the product of many determinants, not only of lasting sets, but of momentary pressures in the person and in the situation. It is only the repeated occurrence of acts having the same significance (equivalence of response) following upon a definable range of stimuli having the same personal significance (equivalence of stimuli) that makes necessary the inference of traits and personal dispositions. (Pattern and Growth 374) Allport put forward his classic doctrine of traits: A trait has more than nominal existence. A trait is more than a generalized habit. A trait is dynamic, or at least determinative. The existence of a trait may be established empirically or at least statistically. Traits are only relatively independent of each other. A trait of personality, psychologically considered, is not the same as a moral quality. Acts, and even habits, that are inconsistent with a trait are not proof of the nonexistence of the trait. A trait may be viewed either in the light of the personality which contains it, or in the light of its distribution in the population at large. (What is a Trait 368) Allport reasoned that some traits have more influence on an individual than other traits. He categorized these traits into three levels: Cardinal traits, Central traits and Secondary traits. Cardinal Traits A cardinal trait is so pervasive and outstanding in any given individual that almost every act can be traced to its influence and almost every aspect of a persons life is touched by it. A person is so dominated by the cardinal trait that it can rarely be hidden from others. (Allport, Pattern and Growth 365) Such a trait is so dominant in a person that the person comes to be known for that trait. It becomes almost synonymous to his personality. Examples of cardinal traits can be: narcissist and Casanova. A cardinal trait is considered to be rare and tends to develop in an individual at a later stage in his life. A person does not necessarily have only one cardinal trait, and this trait may change as a person matures and changes. (Allport, Pattern and Growth 365) Central Traits A central trait is less dominant as compared to a cardinal trait. Central traits form the foundation of an individuals personality. Central traits are easily detected characteristics within a person, traits that all people have a certain number of, five to ten on an average according to Allport. (Schultz 201) Secondary Traits On a less conspicuous level of influence are secondary dispositions. These traits are less generalized and less consistent than central dispositions. (Allport, Pattern and Growth 365) They might reflect something only a best friend would know. (Schultz 201). Allport did not set down any particular number of dispositions an individual might possess. How many dispositions has a person is a most audacious question, and can be answered in only a preliminary and speculative way. For many reasons the question is audacious: Behaviour is in continuous flow; dispositions never express themselves singly; people manifest contradictory dispositions in contradictory situations; furthermore, diagnostic methods are too ill developed to enable us to discover the answer. (Pattern and Growth 366) Allports trait theory can be summed up through the following diagram. Habits and attitudes are often confused with traits because of their similarities. Allport clearly defined habits and attitudes to avoid all confusion. According to Allport, a habit can function as a trait, but a trait is not always a habit. Habits are inflexible and specific in response to specific stimuli; traits are more generalized and variable in expression. (Allport, Pattern and Growth 346) A number of habits may be blended together to develop a trait; however, habits do not integrate automatically into traits. They do so when the person has some general concept or self image which leads to the fusion of the habit into a trait. (Allport, Pattern and Growth 346) Allport cites the example of a child brushing his teeth. A young child may be regarded as forming a specific habit when he learns (with difficulty) to brush his teeth night and morning. For some years this habit may stand alone, aroused only by appropriate commands or by the appropriate environmental situation. With the passing of years, however, brushing teeth becomes not only automatic (as is the way of habits) but likewise firmly woven into a much wider system of habits, viz., a trait of personal cleanliness. . . . The adult is uncomfortable if he omits brushing the teeth from his daily schedule, not only because a single habit is frustrated, but because the omission violates a general demand for cleanliness. (Allport, Personality 292) Allport explained that a trait is a fusion of habit and endowment rather than a colligation or chain of habits alone. (Personality 293) The transformation of habit to trait is simply when the motivation shifts from simple conditioned responses to a sheer liking of the activity as motivation. Then trait has become autonomous. (Allport, Personality 293) Allport distinguishes between a trait and an attitude in two ways. First, an attitude always has an object of reference; whereas, a trait does not direct itself specifically toward something. Second, an attitude is usually favourable or unfavourable, for or against. (Allport, Pattern and Growth 347) It involves a judgement or evaluation (pro or con), which a trait does not. (Schultz 200) Motivation According to Allport, the pivot of the theory of personality is the analysis of the nature of motivation. He defined motivation as any internal condition in a person that induces action or thought. (Pattern and Growth 196) Allport also believed a theory of motivation should meet four requirements: contemporaneity, pluralistic, cognitive process, and concrete uniqueness. (Schultz 201) Contemporaneity A theory of motivation must acknowledge the contemporaneity of motives. (Pattern and Growth 220) In other words, the importance of the present should be stressed: Motives leading to activity, it may be argued, are always operative at the time the activity takes place. Allport added, That which drives, drives now. (The Use of Personal 80) Allport was aware, however, that in complex adult motives the past is, to some degree, alive in the present. He considered it, however, the task of the psychologist to discover how much of the past is fire and how much of it is ashes. (Allport, Pattern and Growth 219) To think that the motives of mankind are essentially unchanged from birth until death seemed to Allport inadequate at best. (Pattern and Growth 203) That which once motivated, does not necessarily motivate always. It is important to realize the past is only important if it exists as a present or current motivating force, or is dynamically active in the present. (Allport, Pattern and Gro wth 220) More precisely stated, it is the unfinished structure that has this dynamic power. A finished structure is static; but a growing structure, tending toward a given direction of closure, has the capacity to subsidiate the guide conduct in conformity with its movement. (Allport, Becoming 91) Pluralistic Allport believed that a theory of motivation must have room for multiple motives. Motivation cannot be reduced to one general phase or drive. Some motives are transient, some recurring; some are momentary, others persistent; some unconscious, others conscious; some opportunistic, others propriate; some tension-reducing, others tension-maintaining. Motives are so diverse in type that we find it difficult to discover the common denominator. About all we can say is that a persons motives include all that he is trying (consciously or unconsciously, reflexly or deliberately) to do. (Pattern and Growth 221) Simplification does not explain motivation. Neither does reducing its strands to the simplified model of the machine, the animal, the child, or the pathological. (Pattern and Growth 222) A theory of motivation should allow that there may be some truth in each theory. (Pattern and Growth 221) Cognitive Process A theory of motivation must acknowledge the importance of the cognitive processes e.g. planning and intention. (Allport, Pattern and Growth 222) Allports requirement of cognitive process gives emphasis to the individuals conscious plans and intentions. These conscious intentions represent, above all else, the individuals primary mode of addressing the future. (Becoming 89) Thus, cognitive process stresses the importance of the future in the motivating process of the personality. Alport believed that all individuals possess the power of thought and it is this thought process which leads them to form decisions. Hence, an individuals intent should be central to understanding his personality. Allport defined intention as what an individual is trying to do, and he included several features of motivation derived from the concept of intention: The cognitive and emotive processes in personality become fused into an integral urge. The intention, like all motivation, exists in the present, but has strong future orientation. Use of the concept helps us to trace the course of motivation as lives are actually livedinto the future and not, as most theories do, backward into the past. It tells us what sort of future a person is trying to bring about and this is the most important question we can ask about any mortal. The term has a flavour of tension maintained and thus reflects the true condition of all long range motives. When we identify major intentions in a life we have a device for holding subsidiary trends in perspective. (Pattern and Growth 223). Allport believed the present should be explained more in terms of the future, not the past. It is more important to identify what a person intends to do and how they are presently acting out this intention, than to look toward the past of an individuals childhood or development. Unfortunately the concept of intention is not prominent in current psychology. The reason is that it connotes purpose, the efficacy of conscious planning, and a pull that mans image of the future exerts on his present conduct. . . . the more favoured physicalistic conception would say that he is pushed by his motives (not pulled by his intentions). Many psychologists would say that drives take entire care of what we here call intention. Yet drives as such are blind. They do not allow for organization and direction by cognitive attitudes, by foresight, by cortical control. (Allport, Pattern and Growth 224)

Blake Coleridge Swift :: essays papers

The Symbolism of Christ William Blake, Samuel Taylor Coleridge, and Jonathan Swift were very different writes but are bound by basic Christian beliefs. In their writings there are strong references to Christ and symbolic images of Him. Blake writes "The Lamb" as a symbolic representative of Christ. Coleridge uses many form of religious symbolism in his poem "The Rhime of the Ancient Mariner", but the thing that stands out the most is how the albatross represents Christ. Swift writes in "Gulliver's Travels", of a man named Pedro de Mendez who is a savior to Gulliver. These three authors show us how Christian views and Jesus are a part of life not just in the Bible but also in current society. Blake uses our questions about faith to emphasize the importance of Christ in our lives. Blake emphasizes the connection of which the child is naturally aware, when he writes, "I, a child, and thou a lamb, We are called by his name"(p.1289). The tone, however, is the genuine simplicity of a child's speech. The first verse is a series of questions addressed to the lamb, which represents Jesus. The second stanza begins with the child being able to answer those questions. Blake writes, "Little Lamb, I'll tell thee"(p.1289). Meaning that the child understands Christ being the savior. These questions are asked purely for the satisfaction that it gives the child in answering and to show the child's understanding of God. Blake shows Christ in a way that is innocent like the child. Blake writes this poem using the example of the lamb found in nature to represent Christ and uses the child to represent man trying to understand God. Blake uses the lamb to represent Christ in nature in the same way that Coleridge uses the albatross to represent Christ in nature. Coleridge uses religious and natural symbolism, which correspond with one another and play the most important roles in this poem. Although there are many different interpretations of this poem, one idea that has remained common throughout the poem is that of the religious symbolism present. Especially that of Christ and his ability to save, which was present throughout this poem. The symbolism is that of the albatross. The albatross saves the Mariner for bad weather and keeps the sailors in

Personal Leadership Development Plan (PLDP) Essay

The Personal Leadership Development Plan is a resource tool to be used by associates of the PFR/ATTC Network Advanced Leadership Institute to organize and articulate their goals for what they want to learn and develop as a part of the institute experience. Similar to the Individual Leadership Development Plan that was completed as part of the basic PFR/ATTC Network Leadership Institute, this planning process is designed to help each associate personalize and focus their participation in the program. Each associate will use it to identify, plan, articulate, and document their development as they progress through the experience of the Institute. This plan should be developed, implemented, and revised by the associate, working in consultation with their supervisor, their coach, and the ALI program facilitators. The initial plan document is to be completed and submitted to the Midwest Center for Nonprofit Leadership within 30 days following the Immersion Week experience. Instructions for Completion: Please complete all of the sections of the plan form. Use the insights and perspectives that you have gained through the assessments, activities, and reflections of the Immersion Week to inform your choice of goals and strategies that you will seek to develop through the Advanced Leadership Institute. It is especially useful to have the help and support of your supervisor, so the Plan is to be developed in consultation with them and you are asked to secure your supervisor’s signature. This is a way to gain their commitment and support for your plans. The specific elements of the plan and the contents of each are as follows. Career Aspirations and Goals Leadership development goals and plans are useful and relevant when they are grounded in the leader’s aspirations for their career. Thus we ask you to explain your career direction, aspirations, and goals. For what purpose will you continue to build your leadership capacity? What aspirations for impact do you have, whether in your organization or in the larger field? Competencies to Develop Drawing on the insights you gain from the various elements of the ALI, especially the 360-degree feedback and the various elements of the Immersion Week assessments and discussions, please identify the key competencies (or sets of competencies) that you wish to develop to enhance your leadership capacity. These then will become the basis for your development goals and strategies. Long-Term Leadership Development Goals What specific goals will you work to accomplish, during the coming three to four years, to build your leadership capacity and enhance the potential for achieving your career goals? Be specific in stating three to five goals and indicate the competencies that will be developed through their accomplishment. ALI Developmental Activities (with Target Dates) After you have identified the competencies and long-term goals, then it is important to identify the activities that you will engage in during the coming year to begin to accomplish these goals. What specific activities will you implement, during the ALI events, the intersession period, and during the rest of the year, to continue to build your leadership capacity? In particular, please consider how you could leverage assignments at work and follow up on the ALI experiences and assessments (including organizing your work in the ALI team project) to gain maximal experience and benefit from each element as you continue to develop your leadership capacity.

How successful is concealment in Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde? Essay

â€Å"†¦the more it looks like Queer Street, the less I ask.† How successful is concealment in Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde? Jekyll and Hyde is a novel which addresses the drug usage that went on behind closed doors in 1890’s Britain. Also much of the book id based on some of Stevenson’s own experience’s of drug use because from very early childhood Stevenson was on a strict regime of drugs to deal with various aliments. Throughout the novel concealment is used to keep the reader interested in the novel, both physical and metaphorical concealment is used. For example at the very start of the test Jekyll’s will is concealed from us so we are not exactly sure what the issues with Edward Hyde are. This keeps the interested and encourages them to read on to learn more of the texts sudden interest with Edward Hyde. Another example of physical concealment is Dr Lanyon’s letter to Mr Utterson the lawyer when Uttterson receives the letter the audience, for a moment are lead to believe that this is the end and they will finally find out what is going on. Then the first envelope is open an again no joy but the audience continue to read on with the fresh hope that soon this envelope will be opened & all will be revealed. Examples of metaphorical concealment would be when Utterson urges Jekyll to come clean and explain why Hyde is in his will but he refuses to give an explanation there fore refusing the audience explanation of why he is so fond of Hyde. Also throughout the text Steven son conceals things from the reader by telling things from a different points of view, nothing is ever explained in one go from one perspective. This creates ambiguity as the things that Stevenson does reveal could mean many different things. This causes suspense in the readers. There are many different reasons for things to be concealed in the text by both Stevenson and the characters; the characters conceal things from themselves and each other because they are scared of what would happen if they didn’t. In the 1890’s people were extremely God fearing people and anything scientific could be considered evil as this would be meddling with Gods work and not only would Jekyll and other characters be ashamed of themselves for having anything to do with and would not want others to find out they had any connections to this. Also there everyday lives were very routine based, so why disrupt this comfy, cosy routine when they could just cover it up? Why cause all this trouble over something they could just cover look and ignore. Stevenson chooses to conceal things from the reader to help the reader relate to the character and understand just how in the dark they really were about what was going on at the time. Also it helps create tension, ambiguity and suspense in the text. With in the novel Stevenson conceals hidden themes showing what was happening at the time in Victorian Britain; such as the outrage towards Darwin’s theory of evolution, at the time people strongly believed in God and was against science. Darwin was purposing that we all came from animals; these ideas had major repercussions as it went against everything the church had worked so hard to preach. Stevenson put these things in to get a reaction as he knew in a strongly religious Victorian Britain the fact that Hyde shows some animal like instincts and cannot control this would not go down to well. Another concealed theme would be degeneration, as at that time society were concerned that human nature was becoming worse and evil was becoming more dominant in peoples characteristics, Stevenson uses this when he shows how Hyde is slowly but surely becoming Jekyll’s stronger persona. Mary Shelly’s Frankenstein share some of the same themes such as concealment, as when the Doctor creates his monster and rejects him , he becomes very secluded and ill as does DR Jekyll in Jekyll and Hyde. Also the books contain similar use of weather and animal imagery. This may be because they come from the same area. Stevenson shows great decadence in this novel as at the time Victorians were strongly opposing science and all of it attributes, Stevenson seemed to be trying to throw off the restraints of society at the time by referring to Hyde’s animal like ways well he was trampling the girl, thus high lighting Darwin’s theory that was frowned upon at the time. Also reflected in Stevenson’s Jekyll & Hyde was the fin-de-siecle, this is because the level of evil becomes slowly greater towards the end of the book until finally everything came to an end this connotes the concerns that everything was slowly getting worse as time went on. In the next things are concealed from the reader by Stevenson, concealed from the characters by other characters by other characters and also characters will conceal things from themselves to make themselves feel better. The effect of the reader not knowing what is going on is that they constantly feel the need to keep reading to gain more knowledge about the illusive Mr Hyde. The effect of the reader finding out things at the same time as the characters helps the reader emphasize with the characters so they can see things more easily from there point of view so this helps the reader understand more clearly what is going on in the book. The consequences of concealment are different for different characters. Utterson was protected from Hyde purely because of his lack of knowledge about him and how he is created. Lanyon, however is killed when all is revealed to him so perhaps it would have been far safer for certain characters to have things concealed from them rather than not. Concealment is what overall resulted in the death of Henry Jekyll, as he thought firstly that he could conceal his evil mannerisms in Edward Hyde and go about his evil under the name of Edward Jekyll but he fails and in the end (all though the other characters do not get to learn this we do) we see that all Hyde is to Jekyll is a disguise, not in fact an evil alter ego, but his own evil way encased in a different person. Things begin to slowly be revealed through the novel, as documents are opened and characters crack under pressure and share there secrets with someone else. Some things remain concealed almost until the very end such as Jekyll & Hyde being one person. Jekyll was forced to reveal his drug use to unsuspecting Lanyon when he turned into Hyde in the night and could not reach his cabinet to get the drugs out. This was disastrous as the shock of seeing all this evil killed him in the end. At this point it was already too late to help save Jekyll from his ever looming fate. This was successful in the terms of engaging the reader with the story as it leaves you wondering who Jekyll might reveal his deep dark secret to next. People were also made to understand how small & desperate the drug addict can feel sometime, but Lanyon’s shock and unwillingness to help once he new the situation connotes how people would turn a drug user away today because they fear for there own safety; because of all this I believe Stevenson was very successful in highlighting these issues. At the end of the novel the exact true circumstances of Jekyll’s death are concealed. This leaves the reader to draw there own conclusions from the information they are given by Stevenson. This helps add mystery to the plot and readers can draw there own conclusion, and think up an ending most fitting for them. The modern reader can relate to the text in so many ways, such as the pressure and longing to be bad, teens can relate this to there everyday life because they fell they need to miss behave to gain the respect of there friends. In the league of extraordinary gentlemen men the fact that Hyde is much larger than Jekyll helps show that evil has a bigger presence, and the pull of evil is much more appealing in today’s society. Also some teens can relate to the drug usage in the book as when Jekyll becomes Hyde he does everything he would love to as Jekyll, he can truly be himself. Teens can identify with this because they take drugs to relax, to have fun; some feel they can only do this with drugs in there system. In society today concealment still plays a very big part, parents conceal evil such as drugs, drinking etc from there children by trying to keep them away from this. But instead children will adapt a Jekyll and Hyde like persona’s one for there parents were the none of these bad things exist and one for there friends were they can be as bad as they like with no repercussions. Stevenson was successful in bringing these issues to light as he helped highlight just how much of the true human nature is repressed and hidden away.